Super Hair Care is a supplement formula providing all of the vital nutrients, growth factors, and enriched blood supply necessary to revive dormant hair follicles and stimulate new growth.

60 Capsules

• Provides essential nutrients for healthy hair
• Helps prevent hair loss/li>
• Improves quality, texture, and growth of hair/li>
• Assists in restoring healthy texture and finish to hair/li>
• Enhances circulation to the scalp

Hair Facts

Hair is body protein called keratin and it grows out of a minuscule opening of the skin called a follicle. The average human scalp has 100,000 hair follicles. Normal hair loss is 50 to 100 hairs per day. Hair is not critical for human survival, but it may serve some important functions. Some experts argue that hair protects the scalp from heat loss as well as from ultraviolet radiation from the sun. However, scientists are divided as to whether hair has a genuine and important role in thermo-regulation and photo-protection, or whether it is predominantly an evolutionary remnant associated with identity and sexual attraction.

Hair is a tactile organ, and is associated with numerous free nerve endings that are sensitive to touch, At birth we possess all the hair follicles we will ever own. By the time we expire, hopefully many decades later, each of the 100,000 or so original follicles will have grown 20- 30 individual hairs. Over time follicles become exhausted and atrophy.

Causes of excessive hair loss:

• Age : As we age we produce less hair, and the hairs are thinner. Older hair is also more prone to break.
• Illness and medication : Major surgery, illness, fungus infections of the scalp, and high fevers may cause excessive hair loss. Over active and under active thyroids also cause hair loss. Hair loss is sometimes related to an underlying disease such as lupus or diabetes. High doses of vitamin A can also cause excessive hair shedding. Since hair loss is often an early sign of disease, it is important to have a physical examination to find the cause, Medicines that may exacerbate hair loss include blood thinners, birth control pills, antidepressants, and medicines uses for chemotherapy.
• Hormones : Hormones have a great impact on hair growth. Many women notice changes during and after pregnancy and around menopause. After menopause, the ovaries may produce more androgens (male hormones) than estrogen, and this can result in hair loss. Male baldness is related to increased testosterone. Male-pattern baldness is usually an inherited trait.
• Iron: Iron deficiency may cause hair loss. Women that have heavy menstrual periods may suffer from iron deficiency. This condition can be detected by laboratory tests, and can be corrected by taking iron pills.
• Protein deficiency: Proper nutrition is essential to healthy hair growth. Fad diets low in protein may cause the body to save protein by shifting growing hairs into a resting phase. Trichotillomania : Twisting and pulling on hair is a bad habit that is often a coping response to stress. In severe cases, the help of a mental health professional is required. A less perplexing condition is traction. Tight pony tails, braids, weaves, extensions, heavy beads, tight curlers may result in hair loss. This condition may easily be rectified by loosening taught hair.
• Alopecia Areata : Hair loss usually results in small, smooth patches. Rarely does this condition cause complete loss of scalp hair. The exact cause of this condition is not yet known, but in most cases the hair regrows . Dermatologists may help expedite hair growth through a combination of topical medications, injections, special light treatments, and pills.
• Over processing: Repeated permanents, hot combing, and harsh bleaching may contribute to hair breaking and falling out.
• Stress: Physical traumas as well as mental traumas can cause hair loss. There is some new clinical evidence that psychoemotional events actually alters hair follicle growth by prematurely terminating the normal duration of active hair growth.

Excessive hair loss has many different causes, and may indicate an underlying illness. If you experience rapid or continued hair loss, you are advised to consult with a healthcare professional .

Hair loss treatments:

There are no miracle cures for hair loss. Even surgical hair transplants do not cure the problem. Surgical restoration simply redistributes permanent hair to balding areas. The allopathic medical view most often treats hair loss with surgical intervention, cortisone injections, or drugs such as minoxidil (Rogaine) and finasteride (Propecia, Proscar). These medications promote hair growth in a significant minority of patients, especially those with male pattern baldness and alopecia. In most cases these drugs are safe but adverse side effects can occur. Side effects of Rogaine include some dryness and irritation of the scalp. Reported side effects of Propecia include some cases of diminished sexual drive and impotence. Propecia is not approved for women because it can cause birth defects.

Alternative and complementary medicine treats hair loss and shedding not only with allopathic modalities, but also with a combination of diet, nutrition, herbs, vitamins, exercise, and stress management. A well balanced diet can help reduce or prevent hair loss. Nutrition is a critical factor in hair loss. Hair is a reflection of your overall health, and good nutrition means better hair growth. Nutritional factors not only affect hair but also the skin and scalp. Eliminating scaling problems is often critical to improving hair quantity and quality .

Like the body, healthy hair demands a well balanced and nutritious diet. A healthy hair food plan should contain fruits and leafy vegetables containing vitamins and antioxidants, whole grains for minerals, nuts and seeds for minerals and vitamins, and protein for iron.

• The fiber from fruits, vegetables, grains and legumes is good for your body and your hair.
• Water not only hydrates your body, but helps keep your hair silky and shiny. 8 to 10 glasses of water and juice are recommended daily.
• The fiber from fruits, vegetables, grains and legumes is good for your body and your hair.
• Soy products contain phytoestrogens -- estrogens from plants help boost your health.
• Increase protein intake. Many peoples shun protein sources like nuts and cheese because of their high calorie content. As a result they depend on carbohydrates and suffer from protein related hair loss, along with fatigue, lowered immunity, and blood sugar imbalances.

A low-fat diet may slow down hair loss. A high-fat meat based diet raises testosterone levels in men. This may adversely affect hair growth. In Japan , prior to World War II, male pattern baldness was quite rare, The change of the Japanese diet from a lean and healthy diet to a Westernized diet rich in animal fat appears to have caused a substantial increase of baldness among Japanese men. Low-fat foods may not stop hair loss, but it may very well slow the hair loss process.

Ingredients

In addition to a well-balanced high protein low fat diet, vitamins, mineral, and herbs are critical to the health and growth of hair. Super Hair Care has been specially formulated to provide basic nutrients for hair growth, vitality, improved circulation to the scalp, improved hair texture, finish, and color. Super Hair Care contains the following essential nutrients for healthy hair.

Vitamin A , a fat-soluble vitamin, is involved in the formation and maintenance of healthy skin, hair, and mucous membranes . Mega doses of Vitamin A can cause hair loss . ( U.S. Department of Agriculture , U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 4th ed. Home and Garden Bulletin No. 232. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC. ).

Vitamin B12, Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and Folic Acid are important for the health and growth of hair. ( Fidanza A. Therapeutic action of pantothenic acid. Int J Vitam Nutr Res ; suppl 24:53–67, 1983).

Biotin is essential for hair growth. The most visible symptom of Biotin deficiency (one of the Vitamin Bs) is thinning of hair, which can lead to total hair loss. It works best with Vitamin B5, B12 and Folic acid. ( Mock DM. Skin manifestations of biotin deficiency. Semin Dermatol ; 10:296–302. 1991).

Niacinamide or Vitamin B3 is an amine form of niacin and is important in promoting a healthy nervous system, blood circulation, and healthy skin . ( Riley MR (Ed): Drug Facts and Comparisons. Facts and Comparisons Inc, St. Louis , MO ; 2000).

Calcium and Magnesium does more than just fortify our bones; it calms our nervous system and improves the quality of our cardiac contractions, and thus improves our general health. Calcium and Magnesium are vital for hair growth and nutrient uptake .

Cooper is an essential trace element. It is needed to absorb and utilize iron, and has an anti-infectious effect that assists the body in better defending itself against all microbes. Cooper helps prevent microbe nests from forming around the hair follicles that are either too dry or too oily. It also plays a part in assuring the quality of keratin by allowing for better molecule oxygenation. Copper contains melanin, which is the pigment that colors hair and skin. Copper may also help reverse graying in those who are copper deficient . (Sandstead HH. Requirements and toxicity of essential trace elements, illustrated by zinc and copper. Am J Clin Nutr ; 61(suppl): 62S–4S., 1995).

Iodine is a trace mineral needed to make thyroid hormones that control both the metabolism of fats and the production of energy. It increases resistance to external menaces to the skin and the scalp, and improves circulation of the skin under the follicle. Iodine deficiency may slow down circulation to the scalp, cause hair to fall out, and delay new hair growth. (How ell JG, Staehling NW, Hannon WH, et al. Iodine nutrition in the United States . Trends and public health implications: iodine excretion data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I and III (1971–1974 and 1988–1994). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:3104–8, 1998).

Zinc is required for the synthesis of normal collagen and maintenance of normal connective tissue structures. Zinc may slow hair loss and promote the growth of healthy hair. Zinc is best taken with copper to keep a proper mineral balance in the body. ( Cunnane, S.C., Zinc: Clinical and Biochemical Significance, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1988).

L-Cysteine is an amino acid and antioxidant. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Cysteine is a major component of skin, hair, and fingernails. L- cysteine supplementation may increase hair shaft diameter and hair growth density, and in some cases may prevent or slow down hair loss . (Neeley MD, Zimmerman L, et al, " Congeners on N-Acetyl-Cysteine but not aminoguanidine act as neurprotectants from the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal." Free Radical. Biol Med., 2000).

Inositol, Choline Inositol, and Choline are B- complex vitamins. They work together synergistically, and are responsible for the formation of lecithin in the body. These important vitamins may have a protective effect on hair follicles. ( Peters, Ken; Stuss, David; and Waddell, Nick;. Hair Loss Prevention Through Natural Remedies: A Prescription for Healthier Hair, Apple Pub Co Ltd, 1966).

Linoleic Acid is an essential fatty acid found in plant oils. It is used as a supplement for hypertension (high blood pressure), platelet aggregation inhibition (blood thinning), and dermatitis (skin problems). Linoleic Acid has been shown to inhibit 5-Alpha Reductase, which is the cause of testosterone conversion to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is considered to be the main cause of male pattern baldness . (Liang T; Liao S. Inhibition of steroid 5 alpha-reductase by specific aliphatic unsaturated fatty acids. Journal of Biochemistry , 285 (Pt 2):, 557-62, July 15, 1992).

Selenium is an essential trace element found in the hair. It helps keep skin and scalp supple and elastic. Selenium has numerous uses, including the control of dandruff. Sources of this helpful element are found in seafoods, meats, milk products, cereals and whole grains, especially wheat. (Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine , National Academy of Sciences. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academy Press, Washington , D.C. , 2000).

Ho-Shou-Wu (Foti) is also known as Polygonum multiflorum. This herb was first recorded in Chinese Medicine in 713 A.D. Ho-Shou-Wu is used to improve the cardiovascular system, enhance immune functions, slow degeneration of glands, improve sexual functions, expand life expectancy, and increase antioxidant activity. In addition, it has been extensively used to restore hair color and increase hair growth. Chinese medical theories believe that the condition of the hair is an indication of the body's internal system. Traditional Chinese medicine views the cause of alopecia as a problem originating in the liver or kidney. When the kidney and/or liver is impaired, the quantity and quality of blood to the scalp is insufficient to nutritionally support proper hair growth . It is believed Ho-Shou-Wu offers the nutrients to restore a rich and vigorous blood flow to the scalp. (Bensky D, and Gamble A. Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica, rev. ed., Eastland Press, Seattle, WA., 1993).

Horsetail (Equisetum Arvense) also known as Shave Grass, and in Chinese medicine as Mu Zei. It contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, fatty acids, and sterols (primarily beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and isofucosterol). Horsetail is also a rich source of various minerals, including potassium, selenium, and silica. Silica is necessary for strong and shiny hair.

Tumeric (Curcuma longa) , is a flowering plant in the ginger family. Tumeric has been used in Asian folk medicines for thousands of years, and is used to treat skin infections and liver ailments which impact the health of hair follicles. ( Park EJ, Jeon CH, Ko G, Kim J, Sohn DH. Protective effect of curcumin in rat liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride . J Pharm Pharmacol ; 52(4): 437-40, April 2000 ).

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is an evergreen shrub native to the Mediterranean coast, but is now cultivated worldwide for ornamental, culinary, medicinal, and perfumery purposes. It is used for stimulating hair growth, and preventing premature baldness. Rosemary is also used to treat flaky scalps, and helps controls oily hair . (Zimmermann V. Rosemary as a medicinal plant and wonder-drug. A report on the medieval drug monographs; S udhoffs Arch Z Wissenschaftsgesch; 64(4):351-70,1980).

Burdock (Arctium Lappa) has been a favorite medicinal herb for centuries. Burdock root oil extract, also called Bur oil, was traditionally popular in Europe as a scalp treatment to combat hair loss. It is also applied to get rid of dandruff, scalp itching, improve hair strength, shine, and body. (Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics , 2d ed. New York : John Wiley & Sons 107–8, 1996).

Birch (Betula alba) is used to treat edema, various bladder and kidney ailments, and poor circulation. It is also said to prevent the formation of kidney stones. Birch sap is used to strengthen the immune system and as a general tonic. It is also used for nearly all skin ailments including dandruff, and to speed hair growth. Birch tar is also used for skin diseases, and to help wounds heal. (Lines, R. Man's use of birch past and present Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 85: 203-13, 1984).

Rose Hips ( Rosa canina ) are tiny fleshy fruits loaded with nutrition. Rosehips have traditionally been used internally for cold, flues, minor infections, scurvy, diarrhea, and gastritis. Rosehips contain a large amount of bioflavanoids and vitamins, especially Vitamin C. Rose hips have an uplifting, restoring effect on the nervous system, and are often used to relieve insomnia , lift depression , dispel fatigue and soothe irritability . ( Vinson J A, Bose P. Comparative bioavailability to humans of ascorbic acid alone or in a citrus extract. Am J Clin Nutr ; 48:6014, 1988).

Irish Moss ( Chondrus crispus ) is also known as pearl moss. It is a seaweed that grows among submerged rocks off the coast of France , and naturally Ireland . The plant consists of a greenish frond that turns purple when dried. Carrageenan is extracted from the seaweed, and is a natural thickener and emulsifier. It has a skin-smoothing effect, and helps retain moisture in the skin. (Rayment, W.J. & Pizzola, P.F.,. Chondrus crispus . Carrageen. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information

Sub-programme Plymouth : Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 2003).

Coltsfoot ( Tussilago farfara). E arly in the 18th century, doctors often prescribed Coltsfoot leaves to treat asthma and head colds. Later on, in the 19th century, Coltsfoot was utilized to relieve rashes and ringworm. It is used in modern day cosmetics to soften and regenerate skin. ( Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C (eds). PDR for Herbal Medicines. Montvale , NJ : Medical Economics Company 1993–5, 1998).

Dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale ). The first mention of the Dandelion as a medicine is in the works of the Arabian physicians of the tenth and eleventh centuries. It has along history of use for liver problems. Optimal liver functions, according to Chinese medicine is reflected in healthy hair. (Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al. (eds). The Complete Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Boston , MA : Integrative Medicine Communications, 119–20, 1998).

Yellow Dock ( Rumex crispus ) Primarily affects liver function, enhancing the detoxification mechanism, increasing straining of contaminants, and purification of the bloodstream. It is used in homeopathic medicine for a variety of skin problems. ( Newall CA , Anderson LA , Phillipson JD. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London : Pharmaceutical Press, 274, 1996).

Elder Flowers ( Sambucus nigra) . Native American herbalists used the plant for infections, coughs, and skin conditions. Elder flowers are a mild astringent, and are used in skin washes to refine the complexion and help relieve eczema, acne and psoriasis The flowers, leaves, berries, bark and roots have all been used in traditional folk medicine for centuries. The berries contain more vitamin C than any other herb except rosehips and black currant. ( Youdim KA, Martin A, Joseph JA. Incorporation of the elderberry anthocyanins by endothelial cells increases protection against oxidative stress. Free Radical Biol Med ;29:51–60, 2000).

Recommended Dosage : Take two tablets daily or as recommended by your health care professional.

Contraindications: Not for use by persons under the age of 18, pregnant or nursing.

Hypo-Allergenic: This product contains no yeast, wheat, corn, soy, milk, salt, sugar, starch, artificial colors, or artificial flavors.

 

Supplement Facts 2 Tablets Contain:
	Amount Per Serving	%RDA
Vitamin A	2000 IU's	40%
Vitamin B-12	20 mcg	334%
Pantothenic Acid	200 mcg	200%
Folic Acid	200 mcg	50%
Biotin	100 mcg	34%
Niacinamide	20 mg	100%
Calcium	50 mg	6%
Copper	4 mg	200%
Iodine	100 mcg	66%
Zinc	10 mg	66%
L-Cysteine	12 mg	**
Choline	20 mg	**
Linoleic Acid	40 mg	**
Linoleic Acid	40 mcg	**
Manganese	10 mg	**
Herbal Energizer Blend: Tumeric, Horsetail, (Mu Zei), Foti (Ho-Shou-Wu), Rosemary, Burdock, Birch, Rose Hips, Irish Moss, Coltsfoot, Dandelion, Yellow Dock, Elder Flowers & Shave Grass.
Other ingredients: DiCalcium Phosphate, Cellulose, Stearic Acid, Croscamellose Sodium, Magnesium Stearate, Vegetable Protein Coating & Silicon Dioxide.

References:

Bensky D and Barolet R., Chinese Herbal Medicine: Formulas and Strategies, rev. ed., Eastland Press, Seattle, WA., 1990.

Blumenthal M, Busse WR., Goldberg A, et al. (eds). The Complete Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Boston , MA : Integrative Medicine Communications, 119–20, 1998.

But PPH, Tomlinson B., and Lee KL., Hepatitis related to the Chinese medicine Shou-wu-pian manufactured from Polygonum multiflorum , Veterinary and Human Toxicology; 38(4): 280-282, 1996.

Chang Minyi. Anticancer Medicinal Herbs, Hunan Science and Technology Publishing House, Changsha , 1992.

Chen Keji and Zhang Wenpeng. Advances on antiaging herbal medicines in China , Abstracts of Chinese Medicine; 1(2): 309-330, 1987.

Cunnane , S.C. , Zinc: Clinical and Biochemical Significance, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton , FL , 1988.

Da Liu, Taoist Health Exercise Book, Putnam Publishing Group, New York , 1983.

Ebling FJG, The biology of hair. Dermatol. Clin. 5; 467-481, 1987.

Fidanza A, Therapeutic action of pantothenic acid. Int J Vitam Nutr Res ; suppl 24:53–67, 1983.

Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C (eds). PDR for Herbal Medicines. Montvale , NJ : Medical Economics Company 1993–5, 1998.

Hong-Yen Hsu and Chau-Shin Hsu, Commonly Used Chinese Herb Formulas with Illustrations, rev. ed., Oriental Healing Arts Institute, Long Beach , CA. , 1980.

Hong-Yen Hsu, et al., Oriental Materia Medica: A Concise Guide, Oriental Healing Arts Institute, Long Beach, CA., 1986.

How ell JG, Staehling NW, Hannon WH, et al. Iodine nutrition in the United States . Trends and public health implications: iodine excretion data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I and III (1971–1974 and 1988–1994). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:3104–8, 1998.

Huang Bingshan and Wang Yuxia, Thousand Formulas and Thousand Herbs of Traditional Chinese Medicine, vol. 1, Heilongjiang Education Press, Harbin , 1993.

Karkavitsas K, Kirby JD, Munro DD., Low sex-hormone binding globulin levels in young women with diffuse hair loss. Br J Dermatol; 106: 331-336, 1982.

Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics , 2d ed. New York : John Wiley & Sons 107–8, 1996.

Liang T, and Liao S., Inhibition of steroid 5 alpha-reductase by specific aliphatic unsaturated fatty acids. Journal of Biochemistry , 285 (Pt 2):, 557-62, July 15, 1992.

Lien EJ, et al., Longevity-promoting agents: a survey , International Journal of Oriental Medicine ; 17(4): 177-186, 1992.

Lines R., Man's use of birch past and present Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 85: 203-13, 1984.

Liu Zheng Cai, The Mystery of Longevity, 1990 Foreign Language Press, Beijing .

Mock DM. Skin manifestations of biotin deficiency. Semin Dermatol ; 10:296–302. 1991.

Neeley MD, Zimmerman L, et al, " Congeners on N-Acetyl-Cysteine but not aminoguanidine act as neurprotectants from the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal." Free Radical. Biol Med ., 2000.

Newall CA , Anderson LA , Phillipson JD., Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London : Pharmaceutical Press, 274, 1996.

Olsen EA. Female pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol ; 45: S70-80, 2001.

Pan Hongping, Wang Hong, and He Tingcai, Processed root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum on SOD and LPO levels in mice , China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica; 18(6): 344, 1993.

Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine , National Academy of Sciences. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academy Press, Washington , D.C. , 2000.

Pang Minxiang and He Xioahui, Studies on the leukopoietic actions of Polygonum cuspidatum and Huanghuji Mixture , Xinjiang Journal of Materia Medica ; 2: 33-35, 1989.

Park EJ, Jeon CH, Ko G, Kim J, Sohn DH., Protective effect of curcumin in rat liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride . J Pharm Pharmacol ; 52(4): 437-40, April 2000

Peters, Ken; Stuss, David; and Waddell, Nick;. Hair Loss Prevention Through Natural Remedies: A Prescription for Healthier Hair, Apple Pub Co Ltd, 1966.

Pharmacopoeia Commission of PRC, Pharmacopoeia of the PRC, (English edition) People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing , 1988.

Randall VA, Ebling FJG., Seasonal changes in human hair growth. British Journal of Dermatology 124; 146-191, 1991.

Rayment, W.J. & Pizzola, P.F., Chondrus crispus . Carrageen. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme Plymouth : Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 2003.

Riley MR. (Ed), Drug Facts and Comparisons. Facts and Comparisons Inc, St. Louis , MO , 2000.
Rook A, Dawber RPR., Diseases of the hair and scalp. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Press, 1991.

Rushton DH., Investigating and managing hair loss in apparently healthy women. Canadian Journal of Dermatology 5; 455-461, 1993.

Rushton DH., Management of hair loss in women. Dermatol Clin; 11(1): 47-53, Jan 1993.

Rushton, DH. Nutritional factors in hairloss. Clin Exp Dermatol : 27(5): 396-404, July 2002.

Sandstead HH., Requirements and toxicity of essential trace elements, illustrated by zinc and copper. Am J Clin Nutr ; 61(suppl): 62S–4S., 1995.

Smith FP and Stuart GA., Chinese Medicinal Herbs; Georgetown Press, San Francisco , CA , 1973.

U.S. Department of Agriculture , U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 4th ed. Home and Garden Bulletin No. 232. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC .

Unschuld PU, Medicine in China : History of Pharmaceutics, University of California Press, Berkeley , CA., 1986.

Vinson J A, Bose P., Comparative bioavailability to humans of ascorbic acid alone or in a citrus extract. Am J Clin Nutr ; 48:6014, 1988.

Ye Dingjiang, et al., Immunopharmacological studies of ho-shou-wu and its preparations , Bulletin of Chinese Materia Medica 12(3): 21-24, 1987.

Youdim KA, Martin A, Joseph JA., Incorporation of the elderberry anthocyanins by endothelial cells increases protection against oxidative stress. Free Radical Biol Med ;29:51–60, 2000.

Zhang Enquin (ed. in chief), English-Chinese Rare Chinese Materia Medica, Publishing House of Shanghai College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 1990.

Zimmermann V., Rosemary as a medicinal plant and wonder-drug. A report on the medieval drug monographs; S udhoffs Arch Z Wissenschaftsgesch; 64(4):351-70,1980.